Narrative Review Maps Incretin Obesity Therapy: Efficacy Hierarchy, Safety, and Pipeline Agents

This narrative review consolidates trial-level evidence on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists, giving pharmacists a single reference for comparative efficacy, tolerability, and monitoring, while carrying the limits of an unsystematic evidence selection.

📅 Journal publication: Sep 2026 (online Sep 14, 2026) · Last updated: Oct 19, 2026

semaglutidetirzepatideliraglutideretatrutideorforglipronMariTideCagriSemaGLP-1 receptor agonistsGIP/GLP-1 dual agonistsobesitynarrative reviewweight managementsafetyendocrinology Endocrinology / Diabetes / Obesity

Background Information

GLP-1 and GIP agonists redefine obesity treatment possibilities.

The review highlights the growing importance of incretin therapies in effectively managing obesity and associated complications. Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, show significant weight loss, with tirzepatide outperforming semaglutide. Emerging therapies show promise, though long-term safety and efficacy data are limited. Clinicians should watch for gastrointestinal side effects. GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists revolutionize obesity treatment, but side effects need careful management.

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Authors: Bartkowiak D, Jakubczyk B, Lasota A, Kopoczynski L, Wiesner M, Wodzinski L, Boguszewski K, Porazinski H, Młynarska A, Ratajski O

Citation: Bartkowiak D, Jakubczyk B, Lasota A, et al. Modern Obesity Treatment: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Directions of GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) and GIP (Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2026;18(9):e116245. doi:10.7759/cureus.116245

Article Links: PubMed · Journal / DOI · Free Full Text (PMC)

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Executive Summary

Study Design

Patient Population

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes & Safety Profile

Pharmacist Implications

Clinical Pearls

Limitations

Controversies & Evidence Gaps

Cost & Logistics

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