Closed-Loop Digital Framework Cuts Controlled Substance Documentation Gaps
This quality improvement study shows that a bundled technology, process, and organizational redesign is temporally associated with improved controlled substance process compliance in a digitally mature hospital, though it cannot establish causation.
Improving controlled substance safety with a 3D closed-loop framework.
Controlled substances require meticulous management to ensure safety and compliance in healthcare settings. Prescription dispensing record compliance increased from 94.82% to 98.7%, and batch-number management noncompliance decreased from 2.4% to 0.6%. The 3D closed-loop framework showed significant improvements in controlled substance management but requires further multicenter validation for broader application. The framework enhanced controlled substance management in a digitally mature hospital, warranting further testing for broader use.
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Citation:Sun N, Su J, Yu Q, et al. A Quantifiable 3D Closed-Loop Framework for Controlled Substance Safety in a HIMSS Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM) Stage 7 Hospital: Pre-Post Quality Improvement Study. JMIR medical informatics. 2026;14:e98247. doi:10.2196/98247
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Executive Summary
Study Design
Patient Population
Primary Outcomes
Secondary Outcomes & Safety Profile
Pharmacist Implications
Clinical Pearls
Limitations
Controversies & Evidence Gaps
Cost & Logistics
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