Dual PD-L1/Galectin-9 CRISPR nanoparticles curb melanoma in mice

This preclinical study introduces a locally injected calcium phosphate nanoparticle that permanently disables two immune checkpoints in tumor cells, relevant for pharmacists tracking early-stage gene-editing immunotherapy platforms.

CRISPR-Cas9gene editingcalcium phosphate nanoparticlesPD-L1Galectin-9immune checkpoint blockademelanomapreclinicalnanomedicinecirculating tumor cellscancer immunotherapy Oncology Pharmacy

Background Information

CRISPR-loaded nanoparticles boost immune response against cancer.

Immune checkpoints like programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) hinder T cell immunity in cancer, thus targeting them can enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Nanoparticles carrying CRISPR-Cas9 effectively knocked out PD-L1 and Gal-9, leading to enhanced tumor immunity and reduced lung metastasis in mouse models. While promising for enhancing cancer immunotherapy, this preclinical study needs validation in humans to assess safety and efficacy. Nanoparticle-mediated gene editing of PD-L1 and Gal-9 may boost cancer immunotherapy.

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Authors: Fang T, Deng Y, Chen M, Luo T, Ning T, Chen G

Citation: Fang T, Deng Y, Chen M, et al. Nanoparticles-mediated intratumoral gene editing targeting PD-L1 and Galectin-9 for improved cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials. 2026;324:123511. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123511

Article Links: PubMed · Journal / DOI

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Executive Summary

Study Design

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