Clinical pharmacy performance indicators skew to process, lack validation
This systematic review exposes a foundational weakness in how clinical pharmacy quality is measured in hospitals: nearly all published key performance indicators track processes, not patient outcomes, and none carry benchmarking values.
Hospital pharmacy KPIs lack validation and benchmark standards.
Key performance indicators (KPIs) are essential for measuring and improving the quality of clinical pharmacy services in hospital settings. Out of 13 studies developing 225 KPIs, only 5 scored over 50% on quality using the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation (AIRE) instrument. The majority of KPIs are process-focused with limited scientific evidence and lack benchmarking, highlighting a need for improved KPI development. Current KPIs for hospital pharmacy lack validation and benchmarking, limiting their utility in quality improvement.
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Executive Summary
Study Design
Patient Population
Primary Outcomes
Secondary Outcomes & Safety Profile
Pharmacist Implications
Clinical Pearls
Limitations
Controversies & Evidence Gaps
Cost & Logistics
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